Что значит буква l на коробке автомат: Обозначения букв на коробке автомат «АКПП»- Значение маркировок на «АКПП»

как разобраться в загадочных буквах на панели АКПП

Автоматические коробки передач приобретают все большую популярность на рынке. Если кому-то в свое время казалось, что разобраться с механикой не просто, то самое время окунуться в дивный мир правил эксплуатации АКПП! Прежде, чем пытаться дергать за рычаг, рекомендуется ознакомиться с руководством по эксплуатации, которое создавалось под конкретную модель коробки для конкретной машины. Это полезно не только потому, что разные АКПП могут иметь разное количество доступных режимов, но также потому, что условные обозначения режимов в разных моделях далеко не всегда совпадают.

Сегодня принято выделять три вида автоматических коробок: «роботизированная механика», «бесступенчатый вариатор» и «классическая». Все они (в зависимости от конкретной модели и производителя) разнятся количеством режимов, а также ходом рычага (прямой, зигзагообразный). Тем не менее, основные функции у всех АКПП полностью совпадают.

Несмотря на мнимую сложность, АКПП отличается большим удобством в эксплуатации. Именно этим и обусловлена постоянно растущая популярность таких коробок.

Основные режимы:

«P»

Данный режим используется на стоянке. Включать его можно только после полной остановки автомобиля на ровной поверхности. Переход в режим «Р» осуществляется до того, как будет отпущена педаль тормоза. После переключения мотор будет отсоединен от трансмиссии. Для блокировки используется дополнительная шестерня.

Важно: если использовать «Р» в движении, можно сломать фиксирующую шестерню, что чревато дорогостоящим ремонтом мотора.

Также нельзя использовать описываемый режим без ручного тормоза автомобиля, при парковке на уклоне, превышающем 15 градусов.

«R»

Режим движения задним ходом. Активировать реверс можно только после полной остановки автомобиля. Перед начала движения назад, следует подождать примерно 1.5 секунды. Без нажатия кнопки-фиксатора на рукоятке АКПП из этого режима можно перейти только в нейтральный.

«N»

Нейтральная передача. В ней двигатель работает в холостую (не передает крутящий момент колесам). Как правило, нейтраль используется для кратковременных остановок. Крайне не рекомендуется включать нейтральную передачу до остановки машины. Также «нейтралка» используется во время буксировки автомобиля. При этом буксировка должна происходить на скорости не выше 45 км/ч (и непродолжительное время).

В этот же режим можно вернутся без снятия нажатия кнопки из режима «Драйв» при полной остановке.

«D», «D1», «D2», «D3»

Основной режим работы АКПП обозначается буквой «D». Езда на 4 передачах. В этом режиме, в зависимости от текущего нажатия педали газа, электроника сама будет осуществлять понижение или повышение передачи.

Режимы, обозначенные просто цифрами (1, 2, 3) или буквой «D» с какой-нибудь из цифр означает пониженные передачи. Соответственно в 3-ке коробка не будет переключаться выше третьей передачи. В 2-ке АКПП не станет переключаться выше 2-ой передачи.

Режим «D1» или «1» или «L» — это использование только первой передачи. Применяется в тех случаях, когда скорость авто не может превысить 25 км/ч. Данный режим ни в коем случае нельзя включать во время движения при большой скорости! В противном случае, может случится потеря управления и занос. «Единица» применяется также применяется в ситуациях, когда нужно на полную катушку использовать возможности автомобиля по торможению двигателем.

Дополнительные режимы

«N»

Это нормальный режим работы АКПП без использования «специальных эффектов».

«Е»

Так называемый «экономичный» режим работы АКПП. Используется для обеспечения плавного, спокойного, размеренного движения машины. Применяется в тех случаях, когда хочется значительно сократить расход топлива и количество вредных выбросов.

«S»

Спортивный режим – полная противоположность «экономичного». Автоматика позволяет коробке использовать мощность двигателя на полную катушку. Ни о какой экономии топлива в спортивном режиме и речи быть не может. Машина становится более «грязной» и «прожорливой», зато разгоны становятся действительно резкими.

«OD»

Функция «повышенной передачи» или «овердрайва». Как правило, овердрайв включается отдельной кнопкой на рычаге АКПП. О переходе (или выходе) в данный режим свидетельствует отдельный символ на приборной панели. По сути, это включение крайней четвертой или крайней пятой передачи в коробке. Переходить на «овердрайв» можно только на скоростях в 75-110 км/ч. Более того, из данного режима следует выходить на скорости ниже 70 км/ч. Главное достоинство «повышенной передачи» в росте динамики движения авто и экономии топлива на высоких скоростях.

«W»

Зимний режим. Встречается в некоторых АКПП. Иногда обозначается снежинкой. Используется исключительно при трогании на скользкой поверхности. При переключении в этот режим, коробка будет стартовать сразу со второй или третьей передачи.

«Ручной режим АКПП»

Наконец, на автоматических коробках передач бывает также обозначение передачи буквой «М». Если такая есть, то это скорее всего режим «мануал» или просто «ручной режим». По сути, данная опция позволяет эмитировать работу МКПП на АКПП. Повышение и понижение передач при этом осуществляется рычагом через символы «+» и «-». Коробки с этим режимом имеют специальную защиту.

Использование М-ки актуально в тех случаях, когда нужно проехать по суровому бездорожью на пониженной передаче и избежать пробуксовки. Данный режим хорош при прохождении поворотов и совершения ряда других маневров, в том числе резкого обгона. Наконец, режим «М» можно применять при движении накатом с горки (при торможении двигателем).

Многие автомобилистов мучает вопрос о том, как правильно управлять автомобилем, чтобы он прослужил долгие годы? На самом деле в этом нет ничего сложного.

90000 What PS Means and How to Use It Correctly in Your Email 90001 90002 In the days before email, Paul McCartney famously sang, «PS I love you» on The Beatles ‘1963 album, 90003 Please Please Me 90004. But what does PS mean and how do we use it in modern communication? 90005 90006 What Is the Meaning of PS? 90007 90002 PS stands for postscript. It comes from the Latin 90003 postscriptum 90004, which literally means «written after.» A postscript is an additional thought added to letters (and sometimes other documents) that comes after it has been completed.90005 90002 In the days of handwritten and typed letters, we often found ourselves remembering something we wanted to include only after we’d signed off. That’s where a PS came in handy. It’s also often used for effect to add a clever or funny afterthought. It can be added for emphasis, or even as an argumentative «So there!» It’s a tool still used in direct and email marketing, which we’ll talk about in a moment. 90005 90014 90002 The P.S. is the most charming part of a letter. It’s the wink you give as you walk away.90005 90017 90002 -Shaun Usher, author of 90003 Letters of Note 90004, for The Wall Street Journal 90005 90006 How to Punctuate and Format PS 90007 90002 Should PS be capitalized? How is it abbreviated; with (P.S.) or without (PS) periods? Should you use any trailing punctuation? Surprisingly, there are no hard and fast answers to these questions. 90005 90002 The Cambridge Dictionary suggests that PS is the proper format in British English. 90005 90002 The Cambridge Dictionary also says that P.S. (with periods after each letter) is the American English format. Indeed, you’ll often find it abbreviated as such in the US. But 90003 The Chicago Manual of Style 90004 favors PS, without the periods. 90005 90002 The verdict? Usage varies, and PS does not factor into most style guides. The safest bet is to capitalize the P and S (use periods after each letter if that’s your preference), and leave out any trailing punctuation. 90005 90034 90035 90036 90037 90034 PS in Email 90037 90002 PS once saved us from having to edit or rewrite an entire letter just to include an important afterthought.But email allows us to go back and edit before sending. Technically, we could avoid the use of PS altogether in electronic communication. But should we? 90005 90002 Not really. PS is still useful for effect, and it’s a great way to get a specific point noticed. Although the Internet has made us a culture of skimmers rather than people who read things like email word-for-word, we tend to notice what’s at the beginning and end of a text. Can you think of a time when you 90003 did not 90004 read the PS in an email you cared enough about to open? 90005 90002 90047 Here’s a tip: 90048 People wonder-does the PS come before or after the signature? Since a postscript is an addition that comes after a letter is completed, it should always follow the signature.90005 Including a PS has long been a direct mail marketing strategy. Statistics once showed that as many as 79 percent of people who opened a direct mail letter would read the PS first. Although times have changed, email marketers still swear by it as a way to reiterate a call to action, create FOMO, provide some sort of bonus information or offer, or even share a testimonial. 90034 Examples of PS in a Letter 90037 90002 To demonstrate just how effective a PS can be, here are some examples from letters written by famous and notable people.(Read more at Letters of Note.) 90005 90002 90047 John Lennon 90048 90005 90002 We opened this article with The Beatles, so let’s return to that theme for a moment. Here’s a letter John Lennon famously wrote to a groupie who dissed Yoko Ono. This PS is not exactly an I love you. 90005 90002 90047 Ronald Reagan 90048 90005 90002 This excerpt comes from a letter Ronald Reagan penned to his son, Michael, in 1971, shortly after Michael was married. 90005 90002 90047 Philip K. Dick 90048 90005 90002 In 1973 four years before it was published, Philip K.Dick sent his agent, Scott Meredith, an outline of his novel 90003 A Scanner Darkly 90004. This cover letter includes an enthusiastic PS. 90005 90002 90047 Richard Feynman 90048 90005 90002 Influential American physicist Richard Feynman (a 1965 Nobel Prize winner) lost his wife and high school sweetheart, Arline, when she died of tuberculosis at age 25. In October 1946 sixteen months after Arline’s death, he wrote her a tender love letter, which remained in a sealed envelope until after his death in 1 988.90005 .90000 Why Do Some U.S. Bills Have a Star at the End of the Serial Number? 90001 90002 Advertisement 90003 90002 All modern United States currency contains either a 10 or 11-digit serial number in order to make each bill unique. Ten-digit serial numbers were on all bills until the «new style» came out in 1996. Those bills (and all produced since then) have an 11-digit serial. The serial number consists of the following: 90003 90006 90007 The first letter, only found on the new-style bills, represents the 90008 series 90009 of the bill.The series indicates the year in which the design of the bill was approved for production. This begins with A, and moves through the alphabet each time a new series is needed (for example, each time there is a new secretary of the treasury, the bill design changes because the secretary’s signature is on all currency). You can also find the series of the bill printed directly to the bottom-right of the portrait. 90010 90007 The second letter (or first, if you’re looking at an old-style bill) represents the district of the Federal Reserve Bank that your bill was issued from.As there are 12 Federal Reserve Banks, this letter can range from A to L, with A representing Boston and L representing San Francisco. 90010 90007 The eight numerical digits that follow represent a unique 90008 ID number 90009. This number increases sequentially as each bill is printed. Using these digits alone, there would be a possible 99,999,999 bills issued per bank. 90010 90007 The final letter is used to raise the number of possible bills beyond 99,999,999. Altogether, there are a possible 2,499,999,975 serial numbers for each bank! 90010 90019 90002 On occasion, a bill shows up that has a small 90008 star 90009 in place of the final letter in the serial, and many early issues carried the star in front of the serial number.90003 90002 This star represents what is known as a 90008 replacement note 90009. When a printing error occurs during a normal press run and renders a set of bills unusable, replacement notes are used instead. With replacements notes, a set of serial numbers can still have the proper number of bills even if some of the original bills had to be pulled. The replacement notes have a sequence of their own, using the star as their final «letter.» This allows for 99,999,999 possible replacement notes for any given bank, series and denomination.This should be more than enough: According to the Paper Money Collecting FAQ, there’s about one error in every 100,000 U.S. bills. 90003 90002 In general, replacement notes are not worth more than regular bills. However, if you find a replacement note with a particularly interesting serial number — like 00000001 or 999999999 — or a large number of consecutively numbered replacement notes that you keep together as a lot, you may have a collector’s item on your hands. 90003 90002 Last editorial update on Jul 10, 2020 11:37:01 am.90003 .90000 Everything You Need To Know 90001 90002 In this post we explain everything you need to know about PO Box Addresses in the UK, including what they cost and how to get one. 90003 90002 Already know you need a PO Box? Click this link to get your Free UK PO Box Address from UK Postbox. 90003 90002 PO Box Addresses have been a part the UK’s postal system for over a century. Typically located in a Post Office or one of Royal Mail’s sorting facilities, they let you have an alternative, secure and private mailing address, other than that of your primary residence or business location.PO Boxes are synonymous with privacy as they give the owner protection at their home or office address. 90003 90008 Why would I need a PO Box? 90009 90002 There are many reasons why people and businesses start using a PO Box Address. Having a PO Box address lets you shield your actual location, helping you avoid unwanted visitors and maintain security wherever you’re are. We’ve listed below some of the top reasons people take out a PO Box: 90003 90012 Top 6 reasons for having a PO Box Address: 90013 90002 90003 90002 90017 1.Privacy and professionalism for home based businesses. 90018 90003 90002 Lots of small businesses working from home do not want their actual location to be public. A PO Box gives them extra protection and helps avoid unwanted visitors turning up to their homes. PO Boxes can also help these small businesses look more professional. 90003 90002 90017 2. To avoid unwanted visitors at office premises. 90018 90003 90002 Some large businesses are no different from small ones in that they do not want customers turning up at their offices unannounced.Insurers, call centres, and large solicitors, amongst others, all use PO Box Addresses to protect their actual location. 90003 90002 90017 3. Get an address in the UK regardless of where you are in the world. 90018 90003 90002 You’d be surprised by the amount of people who are overseas and need an address in the UK. Expats in particular often need a physical address in the UK once they leave. International businesses also can benefit from having a PO Box in the UK as they can allow them to start up or build their presence here.90003 90002 90017 4. Keep a postal address in the UK whilst you’re temporarily abroad. 90018 90003 90002 There are a lot of people who leave the UK temporarily, but what happens to their post whilst they are away? Many of those leaving the UK for work or pleasure will end up missing important letters until they return home. PO Boxes, coupled with an online post management app such as our own, allows people to keep receiving post regardless of where they are. 90003 90002 90017 5. A fixed address for those who move frequently or are in temporary accommodation.90018 90003 90002 A huge number of the population move home at least once a year and with that comes the possibility of losing important post, or worse it falling into the wrong hands. Increasingly, renters are using PO Boxes so that regardless of where they move to they can maintain the same postal address. 90003 90002 90017 6. Privacy for victims of abuse 90018 90003 90002 Privacy is of course of the highest importance to those who are vulnerable. A PO Box can «shield» those who have been victims of abuse, protecting them and their location.90003 90002 Our UK based team is always on hand to assist those who have suffered abuse in any form. If you are looking to have more postal privacy then please contact us to speak to one of the team in the strictest of confidence. 90003 90008 What’s the difference between a Royal Mail and a UK Postbox PO Box? 90009 90002 Royal Mail have been providing PO Boxes to individuals and businesses for many years; typically their service gives you a physical address in a sorting office and you can choose to either collect your post or have it forwarded to you at a different location.The big difference between UK Postbox’s PO Boxes and Royal Mail’s is flexibility, a UK Postbox PO Box lets you read and manage your post online. Where Royal Mail only lets you collect or forward your post to a single location, our advanced mail app (free with all accounts), lets you access your post from anywhere and control it on an item-by-item basis. 90003 90002 When your UK Postbox PO Box receives mail we’ll let you know, either by email or by notification from the mobile app. You can then log in from anywhere in the world; read your post online; have us forward it to you, or ask for it to be stored for when you’re ready to receive it.90003 90002 You can then log in and tell us what you’d like us to do with it. Ask us to open and scan so you can read it online; have us forward it onto wherever you are in the world; or ask us to store it for when you’re ready to receive it. It’s a PO Box made smarter. 90003 90002 In addition our PO Boxes let you have an address in your choice of major UK cities. Traditionally, with Royal Mail, you’d be bound to your local sorting office, not with us. Choose from London, Manchester, Glasgow, Birmingham, Cardiff, Belfast or Poole.90003 90008 How much does a PO Box cost? 90009 90002 The cost of a Royal Mail PO Box varies depending on the service you choose. The cheapest option, where you collect your post from the sorting office, comes in at £ 215 per annum. Want it forwarded on to another UK address? The price then increases to £ 265 per annum. You could receive one or a hundred letters and you’d pay that flat fee. 90003 90012 How much does a PO Box cost with UK Postbox? 90013 90002 UK Postbox’s PO Box Addresses are FREE.Anyone, regardless of who they are or where they are in the world can have an address in the UK and will only start paying when they receive mail. 90003 90002 We want to make PO Boxes as accessible as possible, and by removing the fixed annual fee it opens up the option of having a PO Box to even those who receive just a few letters a month. In fact we have some customers that get only a couple of letters a year, using the service for the odd bits here and there. It costs them next to nothing but they still get all the benefits.90003 90012 Read and manage your post online from anywhere 90013 90002 To recap, you get a physical address in the UK, just as you would with Royal Mail but with the added benefit of being able to read and manage your post online, from anywhere in the world. 90003 90002 The value in our service is not so much the PO Box Address itself, but the ability to access your post from anywhere. So we charge you based on the volume of post you receive. 90003 90002 We have five main plans, all of which come with a free PO Box Address and access to our Advanced Postal Management App.90003 90002 All of our prices include UK VAT at 20%, but you may not be liable to pay this. 90003 90012 Pay-As-You-Go 90013 90002 Perfect for up to 10 letters a month, no monthly commitment, pay only for the post you receive. 90003 90012 Letter 10 — £ 9.00 per month 90013 90002 A starter plan aimed at people who expect to receive up to 10 letters per month. 90003 90012 Letter 25 — £ 12.00 per month 90013 90002 For people who receive up to 25 letters per month. 90003 90012 Letter 50 — £ 21.00 per month 90013 90002 High volume plan for people receiving up to 50 letters per month.90003 90012 Letter 100 — £ 36.00 per month 90013 90002 Our highest volume letter plan for people receiving up to 100 letters per month 90003 90012 Not found a plan for you? 90013 90002 Contact us for a bespoke quote 90003 90002 Get your free PO Box Address 90003 SIGN UP 90008 How do I get a PO Box? 90009 90002 If you are expecting thousands of letters and do not need online access to your post, then head over to the Royal Mail website where you can sign up online for their flat fee. 90003 90002 If however you need extra flexibility; like the idea of ​​reading your post from anywhere and see the benefit of being able to control forwarding on an item-by-item basis, then sign up with us.90003 90002 The sign up process is quick and easy and typically you’ll have your new address within 24 working hours. First head to our pricing page so you can choose the plan that suits you best; next head on to our online mail app which we call ipostalmail. You’ll be asked to select your plan, let us know who you are and where you are and then your account will be created. 90003 90002 Finally, because we are money laundering regulated, all of our customers have to go through identity verification.This varies a little depending on who you are, i.e. a business or consumer, so be sure to visit our page about identity verification so you can have everything to hand. Our identity verification team is here to make the process as smooth as possible, so if you’re having any issues then either use the live chat feature to contact us, or visit the contact us page on the site and choose your preferred method of communication . 90003 90008 PO Box alternatives 90009 90002 You might be looking for an address to redirect your post to, an official address for your business or an actual street address in London.We have various types of addresses to choose from, so if a PO Box does not quite fit your requirements then visit the pages below to learn more. All of our addresses come with our Advanced Mail Management App, so you can read and manage your post, at anytime from anywhere. 90003 90002 Royal Mail Redirection Address 90003 90002 London Street Addresses 90003 90002 Registered Office Address 90003 90002 Directors Service Address 90003 90002 Parcel Forwarding Address 90003.90000 What is the meaning of BC and AD? And what does BCE and CE mean? 90001 90002 by Alex Carmichael 90003 edited by Matt Slick 90004 90002 AD does not mean «After Death.» It is an abbreviation for «Anno Domini,» which is a Latin phrase meaning «in the year of our Lord,» referring to the year of Christ’s birth. BC means before Christ. So at the time of this writing, 2011 AD is intended to signify that it has been 2,011 years since Christ was born. Second, if you think about it logically, as was discussed in class that day, 1 BC could not be directly followed by 1 AD if AD meant «After the Death of Christ.»That would mean that Christ was born then He immediately died, and we know that’s not the case. 90004 90002 It is important to note that even though the BC / AD system of dating has Christ as its central focus, it is not found in the Bible. It was not actually developed until 525 AD, when the entrance of the Christ into the world was recognized as being the turning point of history, and our calendars were made to reflect that. 90004 90002 In regard to the use of BCE and CE, these are more recent developments.In most usages, BCE stands for «Before the Common Era,» and CE stands for «Common Era.» BCE is used in place of BC, and CE is used in place of AD. The word «Common» in both instances refers to the date employed by the most commonly used calendar system, the Gregorian Calendar. The years are the same, only the designations are different. For example, 400 BCE is the same as 400 BC, and 2011 CE is the same as 2011 AD. There is another less frequent meaning in use for the «C» in the new BCE and CE designations, in that the «C» stands for «Current,» the implication being that there is yet another era still to come.Many Christians do not like either of these changes, but they can, of course, interpret the letter «C» in the BCE and CE designations as referring to «Christian» or «Christ’s» without taking offense in what many see as an attempt to delegitimize or eliminate Christ from the calendar. 90004 .